| Low-Cost vs. Advanced Wastewater Treatment in Small Communities: Performance, Costs, and Reuse Potential |
| کد مقاله : 1238-IWWA |
| نویسندگان |
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MohammadAmin Souri1، Ali Salimifard *2 1Department of Civil Engineering, KN Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
| چکیده مقاله |
| Small communities located far away from the water bodies that will receive the wastewater face a dilemma when balancing the efficiency of the treatment and its cost-effectiveness. Three options of wastewater treatment in Koraim City, Ardabil Province, Iran are investigated including biological low-intensity system, extended aeration activated sludge and A2/O advanced system combined with the tertiary treatment. Parameters estimated include wastewater flows, pollution load, effluent quality, capital and operation expenses and possible benefits from agricultural reuse. Design estimated population is 1,177 people and expected average hydraulic flow is 226 m³/d. Capital expenses are within $81,800 to $204,500 while annualized expenses are from $11,756/year to $32,798/year, which means unit treatment expenses in the range of $0.143-$0.398/m³. Low-cost variant does not meet the requirements of discharges, while the advanced one provides maximum removal of BOD5, COD, TSS, TKN, TP. In case of the middle option, possible revenue from reuse is $5,609/year resulting in annualized costs reduction up to 23.7% in case of full-year reuse, while the seasonal reuse for 3, 6 and 9 months can lead to costs reduction of about 5.9%, 11.9% and 17.8%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that selection of treatment method must include not only efficiency and capital expenses, but also effluent use and possible revenue as well. |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Wastewater treatment, treated-water reuse, agricultural irrigation, economic assessment, treatment alternatives, annualized cost |
| وضعیت: پذیرفته شده برای ارسال فایل های ارائه پوستر |
